BOSS Spectrograph

An illustration of the BOSS spectrograph setup. (click on the image for a larger picture)

BOSS is an SDSS-III spectroscopic survey that measured redshifts of 1.5 million luminous red galaxies and Lyman-alpha absorption towards 160,000 high redshift quasars. Its two identical spectrographs were rebuilt from the original SDSS spectrographs. Each spectrograph has two cameras, one red and one blue, with a dichroic splitting the light at roughly 6000 Angstroms. The BOSS spectrograph, so called because it was custom designed for BOSS, remains the active optical spectrograph in SDSS and it was used to collect all MaNGA and eBOSS data released in DR15.

For details of how the spectrograph is used to collect MaNGA data, please see the MaNGA Fiber Feed page. For the BOSS and eBOSS programs, 1,000 holes are drilled in an aluminum plate (a plug plate, which subtends 3 degrees on the sky), each hole corresponding to an astronomical object such as a quasar, a galaxy, a standard star, or a random blank area on the sky (to measure and subtract the foreground sky emission). The plug plate is then mounted on a cartridge that can be quickly affixed to the telescope. 1,000 optical fibers with 2 arcsec diameters are plugged into the holes. The fibers send the light from each object through a beamsplitter with a coating that reflects the blue part of the spectrum while allowing the red part through. Each spectrum is thus split into two parts, blue and red, and the two parts are recorded on separate CCDs. The red spectrograph uses thick, fully depleted 4Kx4K LBNL CCDs that have a high quantum efficiency in the near-infrared and much reduced fringing. The blue side has blue-sensitive e2v CCDs (CCD231-84).

The blue cameras cover at least 3600-6350 Angstroms. The blue limit is set to include the wavelength-calibration Cd I arc line at 3610.51 Angstroms, although the throughput requirements for the Lyman-alpha forest analysis begin at 3700 Angstroms. The red cameras cover at least 5650-10000 Angstroms. The red limit is set by detection of the Mg b 5175 A and the Na D 5893 A absorption features redshifted to z = 0.7.

The main scientific goals of BOSS and eBOSS could be achieved using a broad range of spectroscopic resolution. The adopted design has a resolution running from R = 1560 at 3700 Angstroms to R= 2270 at 6000 Angstroms (blue channel), and from R = 1850 at 6000 Angstroms to R = 2650 at 9000 Angstroms (reds channel). The higher resolution and the extended red wavelength coverage is necessary to capture the Lyman-alpha break and the strongest Mg lines redshifted to about 9300 Angstroms.

Instrument Pictures

The BOSS optical bench. The large hole holds the blue camera.

The dichroic (beamsplitter).

The dichroic plus one dispersive element.

The assembled central optics (two dispersive elements and the dichroic).